Sunday, October 27, 2019
Understanding The Roles Of Vodafone Telecommunications Information Technology Essay
Understanding The Roles Of Vodafone Telecommunications Information Technology Essay Vodafone group plc is a global telecommunications company based its headquarter in Newbury, United Kingdom. If measured by the revenues its a largest telecommunication company in the world, along with this if measured by the subscribers its the worlds second largest just behind the china mobile. As Vodafone is a global company, it is providing services in more than 30 countries not only this Vodafone has other partner networks in 44 different countries. The Vodafone name comes from three different things which are voice, data and fone which reflect to providing services of voice and data over the devices (Mobile phones etc). The company was formed in the year of 1984 basically as a subsidiary of Racal Electronics Plc. In start the company named as Racal Telecom Limited but it was fully demerged and changed the name as Vodafone Group plc in 1991. The main objective of this specific report is to probe into the organisations information systems, structure of organization, analyze the information requirements, decision making, Business strategies, IS strategy, IT strategy, ethical issues, strength, weaknesses, opportunities, goals and objectives, managerial levels, benefits, and some other environmental factors. Furthermore this report will be the evidence of understanding of the entire studies which is conducted in this module and also the real world market. Organizational Structure The number of employees in Vodafone UK is over 10,000. Vodafone aim to provide a fair, safe and flexible workplace which helps to motivates their employees to work hard and to feel engaged and create better environment to the work. The below is organisation structure of Vodafone group; Vodafone Group Plc organisation chart Diagram: Vodafone organizational structure (www.vodafone.com) Marketing development organization As marketing is very important tool to expand the businesses in this modern world. Vodafone is continuously working on it to compete with the market and also fulfil the peoples requirements. Vodafone is using different ways to advertise their products (services) such as Zonal marketing trial, Idle screen, Branded applications and widgets trial, Location based advertising trial and so on. Within these different types of marketing advertisement, Vodafone is keep in touch with the customers to knowing their requirements and also providing them better services. Mission statement A mission statement of an organization is very important to indicate itself. It is just a sentence but it is full description of general purpose and intention of that organization. The mission statement tells the employees what they are working for; along with this persuade the customers to buy the products or services. A mission statement is that which define the basic reasons for the existence of an organization and helps legitimise its function in society (Robson, 1997). Mission statement of Vodafone is; We will be the communications leader in an increasingly connected world This specific mission statement shows that it is Communication Company / organization, which goal is to become the leader to connect the world rapidly. Goals and objectives The goals and objectives play vital role to a company. As this is a modern age and every company is facing challenges to compete with the current market , same Vodafone has some goals which they are trying to reach. Vodafone is continuously working to update and meet the requirement of the customers. To reach on the top and accomplish with the goals Vodafone has some objectives which they are completing step by step. Below are some goals which Vodafone is willing to achieve; Create Authenticity in expanding communication technologies. Connectivity between different devices in future. To understand and use (web) data in more ways. To find options and possibilities of energy. Improvement of services in each part of country. (www.vodafone.com/start/about_vodafone/future_agenda.html) Strategy The strategy of the organization indicates its prospects and also helps to improve the business. Strategy of an organization can be defined as the identification of the purpose of the organization and the plans and action to achieve the purpose (Lynch, 2006). The strategy of Vodafone changes with the passage of time, because in the year of 2006 Vodafone intentions were different according to the year 2009 and 2010. The Strategic focus in 2009 is on operational performance, total communications, emerging markets, capital discipline. Environmental analysis Political factor The political factors are very effective for the organizations. If the political factors are in favor of the organization then it will be easy to navigate and boost the business. It is also said that managers should operate within the laws and regulations of the host country (Gray Larson 2008). The stability of political issues in the specific region or country and local laws sturdily influence the performance of organization. Without the information of the local laws and regulations there is a possibility of facing penalty which could lead to a big loss. If we have a look on Vodafone globe, we will come to know that its price plans and other services are different according to the country law and demand of nation. So the organization must need to understand and obey the local laws of the country where it is operating. Economic factor The economical factors can also have adverse effect on the organizations profitability and productivity. Vodafone was quite better in economy but because of recent downturns in economy it was affected in some countries. Vodafone Spain reported turnover of euro 6,982 million in the last financial year, 2.6 % less than the previous. (Vodafone 2009). To get economically strong Vodafone is working continuously to improve the economy of the company. Recently Vodafone has extended the services for customers; this could lead to improve the economy. Social /cultural factor As Vodafone is expanded in different countries, so they have to understand the requirements and social issues of specific country / region. Vodafone have created social networking and social media sites which helps to communicate and information sharing. Along with this Vodafone have agreements with so many social networking sites to offer the services. Vodafone always put efforts for safe social networking. (www.vodafone.com) Technological factor There is technology revolution at this present age. Every day new technology arrives with so many advanced enhancements. It is becoming necessary for an organization to keep update with their technology and to keep with the pace of the modern life, it also play the part to compete with the market. Vodafone is always active to keep update its technology to satisfy the customers and also to fulfil with the modern requirements. For this Vodafone announced the launch of its latest Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) certified Mobile Wi-Fi device, the R201. (Vodafone, aug 2010) Ecological factors In a report it is mentioned that there are more than 800 million mobile devices are in use and these are growing every day as new technology is in market. The using and expanding of these devices are not that good for health and ecologically. Vodafone keeping in mind these all issue thats why Vodafone Ireland has announced to reduce CO2 emission by 30% by 2011. With the progress Vodafone is also working to create a better environment for future. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a method of strategic planning which is used to evaluate the Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats related in a project or in any task. SWOT analysis specifies the objectives of the project and also identifies the internal and external factors of the project. Strength Vodafone always struggle to make the network outstanding. Vodafone is committed to giving you a network you can depend on. The first priority of Vodafone is make sure that people can use mobile and connect to the internet where they are, and whenever they want. Vodafone competitors are also upgrading their services to persuade the customers but speciality of Vodafone is, its network is expanding but also provides better signal strength indoor and outdoor. Vodafone is keeping in mind to provide a such network which has journey of a call, fast and reliable connections and a network you can trust. (www.vodafone.com) Weakness As every company have some weaknesses, same Vodafone sometimes face such problems. The first weakness of Vodafone is its less connectivity in rural areas. Shares in Vodafone fell to lowest point but still head of Vodafone Company decided to sell the shares. BP overtakes Vodafone amid continued telecoms weakness (www.independent.co.uk). Vodafone got negative return on assets (ROA) underperform the main competitors like BT Group, ATT and others. The other weakness is Vodafone has about 80% business generate in Europe. Due to these weaknesses Vodafone sometimes face problems to maintain the company standards. Opportunities Vodafone has so many opportunities to get benefit of it. Vodafone has expanding network with better services this made Vodafone to create opportunities for customers as well as Vodafone itself. With the passage of time climate is changing also Vodafone is working to tackle this problem with the facility of video and teleconferencing and thorough the other energy efficient machines. The Vodafone policy is full of opportunities for customers and company itself. Threats As Vodafone is dominating in the world of communication, so the competitors are the main threats for Vodafone. In start of Vodafone life, there werent so many competitors of Vodafone but gradually so many companies come to exist and started the war in the field of telecommunication. As it is expanding network, every day new customers are joining Vodafone, it could create problem in network. So Vodafone need to update their boosters or all other technologies which could lead to calling and data transferring problems. Along with this, as other competitor companies are introducing new services, same Vodafone need to introduce such facilities/services which could keep customers in touch with Vodafone. Level of Management Information System There are four level of management, each level supporting different kind of decision process. It works from top to bottom, as top level management which is strategic level makes decision then it ends with the bottom which is Operational level. These four are defined below; Strategic level: This specific level of management is for seniors like, CEO, VIP, and Manger. This type of management usually makes long term decisions like 3 to 10 years. Recommendation: Sales and Marketing IS, Manufacturing IS, H R Information system, And Finance and accounting IS. Management level / Tactical level: This management level is usually resource allocation decision level. In this management level managers utilise and allocate time, raw material, machinery, funds etc and this is usually for 1 to 3 years. Recommendation: Sales and Marketing IS, Manufacturing IS, H R Information system, And Finance and accounting IS. Knowledge level: The knowledge level is a additional level of management in which knowledge and data workers work. This level is all about the knowledge of the specific project. Recommendation: Sales and Marketing IS, Manufacturing IS, H R Information system, And Finance and accounting IS. Operational level: In this bottom part of the management level, managers work day to day to complete the task. Normally in this level, manager makes decisions less than one year. Recommendation: Sales and marketing IS, Manufacturing IS, Human Resource IS, and Finance and Accounting IS. TPS OAS KW MIS DSS ESS Operational Level Knowledge Level Management Level Strategic Level Diagram: Types of IS and level of working. Information Systems An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect process, store and distributed information to support decision making and control in an organization (Laudon Laudon, 2009). With the help of information system a project could lead to a successful project and can complete on time. Information system provides fast and accurate transaction along with this it provides support for decision making. The information system is the weapon against competitor companies. There are some major information systems which work in each management levels are below. ESS (Executive support system) work in strategic level. DSS (Decision support system) work in management level. MIS (Management information system) work in management level. KWS (Knowledge working system) work in knowledge level. OAS (office automation system) work in operational level. TPS (Transaction processing system) work in operational level. ESS (Executive support system) ESS is designed to draw summarized information from MIS and DSS and present graphs and data from many sources through an interface that is easy for senior managers (Laudon Laudon, 2009). This is top management level and top people of management deal in this level. The chief executive of Vodafone makes final and basic decisions, and all departments head collect the information (data) and present to him for his decision to go throw. The ESS information system manage all the activities happening within the company like sales, purchase, cost etc which helps chief executive to make decisions and start new plans. DSS (Decision support system) The DSS helps to navigate the company into right path, because if company is getting loss from present services or technology then it indicate the down turn of the company. With the help of DSS Vodafone sometimes change the price plans and also other changing occurs which are effect for company. The DSS of Vodafone can usually use information from other information systems but they need to get informed from outsource to come up with it. MIS (Management information system) Middle management needs system to help with monitoring, controlling, decision making and administer activity and to work with this, the systems which are use called MIS (Laudon Laudon, 2009). This information system basically helps to monitoring the activities happening within the company. With the help of this information system managers can check any transaction from thousand of transaction. Managers often need to see, what is going on with the company during it is working to know that, is company is doing fine or not, and MIS helps to do that. This system also provide required reports weekly, monthly or yearly, which helps manager to make decision. KWS (Knowledge working system) Knowledge work system or knowledge based information system that support the creation, organization and dissemination of business to employee and mangers throughout a company (OBrien Maracas, 2008). This information system helps the organization to find the new ways to reach the success. In Vodafone KWS use to find what new price plans will be appreciable by customers and also how to improve services. OAS (office automation system) The OAS usually use in employees data and for office work. As it is mentioned above that OAS is use in operational level. This information system manages all the office work of Vodafone like non financial asset, share based payment, pension etc. TPS (Transaction processing system) TPS help the operational managers to keep track of the elementary activities and transaction of the organization, such as sales, receipt, cash deposit, payroll, credit decision and the flow of materials in a factory (Laudon Laudon, 2009). In this system Vodafone can interact with the customers on daily basis. The information system helps Vodafone to deal with the all sort of enquires. Ethical Issues The use of Information system could be very risky for an organization. As it is very necessary for an organization to use information system to boost the performance of the work in better and convenient way meanwhile it could be very risky and can lead to disruption. So a lot of ethical issues need to keep in mind when implement information system. For example, if wrong information of data is entered then output also will be wrong this could lead to wrong decision making which is very harmful for company. It is very important to focus on ethical issue, if there is problem in OAS that wrong information is entered in the database of Vodafone then it will store wrong information in the system, it will produce wrong result. Same as if there is problem in TPS (Transaction Processing system) that transaction is made wrong while customer is paying bill or when Vodafone is topping up the account of the customers this could create problem for both customers and the company. Some ethical issue s of Vodafone are below; Privacy Protection: company need to focus on privacy of the company and its business. It needs to ensure that all transaction, made exactly and correctly. Along with this Vodafone needs to protect transaction occurred, that other cant retrieve it. Accuracy of Information: In process of data storage and all other inputs Vodafone needs to be careful of the authenticity of the stored information. Sometimes companies are expecting are something but they get something else at the time of result. Right of Information: Every mangers needs to know his responsibilities that he can maintain structure of the company. Security: As much the system is secure company will be safe from threats and misuse. Lack of knowledge: Staff must be trained to do the job and satisfy the customer in the criteria of information system. Conclusion: All organizations need to use information system to boost the performance and drive through the success. Information system helps organization to sort out, about all kind of problems and become profitable. As Vodafone is a communication services provider, so to come up with all necessities of this modern life and to compete with market, Vodafone needs to use specific information systems. There are so many companies in market competing with Vodafone, but due to choosing right and efficient information system, Vodafone is at the top.
Friday, October 25, 2019
electronic payment method Essay -- essays research papers
1.     Introduction ABC Company operates telecommunications business. Management prepares to launch a new service to the market. The researchers use data mining techniques to obtain information of market profile. This paper describes how Market Basket Analysis (MBA), Memory Based Reasoning (MBR) and Neural Networks (NN) analyze the data. The data analysis methods generate valuable information for ABC Company constructing the marketing campaign. Management evaluates the business problems, and converts into the data mining problems. Then they select the right data set and inputs into the data mining models. They collect information from data mining and use it to take actions. These actions bring values to the company. Management measures the results as a feedback to the other research projects. 2.     Business Problems Telecommunications is a heavy competitive market. All telecommunications companies offer similar products and services. ABC Company plans to launch a new service - wireless broadband Internet access. The customers access Internet using GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) through their mobile phones. Although ABC Company captures about 40% of total market share, she understands that only delivery innovative service maintains sustainable competitive advantages. The competitors such as Sunday, SmartTone also plan to delivery some new services using broadband wireless communication. ABC Company performs data analysis to capture information of customers' attitudes and market situations. Obviously, a new product delivery is a marketing problem. It is suitable to transform into data analysis problem. Management uses techniques to capture the data. Management has a better understanding to existing market. 3.     Question 1 - Data Analysis by Market Basket Analysis 3.1.     Research Objectives By using MBA, ABC Company selects data from customer database. MBA is developed from the retail business. Researchers collect data of customers to see the joint consumed products. MBA uses information about what customer purchase. MBA gives insights into the merchandise by telling the researcher which products tend to be purchased together and which are most are enable to promotion. MBA provides the information that which product customers like to buy. AB... ...    :     HK$ xxxx     †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚     :     †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚     †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚          †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚     †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚          †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚                                   The researchers create a data set from the customer information database system. They are valuable input into the data analysis. Researchers easily extract information from the system. The researchers first determine which products that customer most desire, they are listed as following, †¢Ã‚     Customers use Internet access †¢Ã‚     Customers use email to transfer the message †¢Ã‚     Customers use call forwarding †¢Ã‚     Customers use WAP phone to browse the Internet †¢Ã‚     Customers are the heavily users
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Break Up of Marks for Formative Assessment
Break Up Of Marks For Formative Assessment 3 & 4 For Class IX ENGLISH |1. |Monday Test |10 Marks | |2. |Literature based Role Play[ Bishop’s Candlestick] |3 Marks | |3. MCB based Debate[content, Language, Pronunciation] |3 Marks | | |Topics: | | | |TV viewing – positive & negative Impact | | | |Boarding School/ Day Schooling | | | |Generation Gap a reality | | |4. Maintenance of Books & Work |4 Marks | | |Total |20 Marks | MATHEMATICS |1. |Pen & Paper Test [MT. 3. 3] |5 Marks | |2. |Group Presentation- |3 Marks | | |Class will be divided into different groups of size 5-7 each.Each group will be | | | |given a topic & will be asked to make presentation [includes ppt/charts/models]. They| | | |will be asked to present the topic with in the given time limit [5-7 mins] There will| | | |be a question answer round after the presentation. | | | |List f topics is as follows: | | | |Areas of parallelograms & triangles on the same base & between two parallel lines. | | | |P roperties of special types of quadrilaterals. | | | |Criteria for congruence of triangles. | | | |Linear Equations in two variables – Graphical representation. | | |Representation of irrational numbers on number line. | | | |Surface area & volume of solid figures [Cube/Cuboids/ Cylinder/Cone etc. ] | | |3. |CW / HW / Assignment |2 Marks | | |Total |10 Marks | GENERAL SCIENCE Physics |3rd MT |10 Marks | | |CW |5 Marks | | |HW |5 Marks | | |Presentation on various sections of sound production, propagation & reception of |5 Marks | | |sound | | | |Class participation |5 Marks | | |Total |30 Marks | |Chemistry |3rd MT |10 Marks | | |CW |5 Marks | | HW |5 Marks | | |Project – written project on natural resources |5 Marks | | |Class participation |5 Marks | | |Total |30 Marks | |Biology |3rd MT |10 Marks | | |CW |5 Marks | | |HW |5 Marks | | |Project – report on any one communicable disease |5 Marks | | |Class participation | | | | |5 Marks | | |Total |30 Ma rks | | |Grand Total |90 marks | | |FA 3 = 90/9 |10 marks | SOCIAL SCIENCE |1. |Monday Test |10 Marks | |2. |Assignments |5 Marks | |3. |Projects |5 Marks | | |Total |20 Marks | | |Assignments- | | | Specific lists of assignments attached. History, Geography, Economics, Political | | | |Science assignments will be marked for 5 marks each and the resulting marks out of 20| | | |will be reduced to 5. | | | |Projects- | | | |Students will be assigned only one project either from History, Geography, Economics | | | |or Political Science. The project will be for 5 Marks. | |Topics |Geography- | | | |Factors affecting natural vegetation and wildlife | | | |Main features/ characteristics of different vegetation belts | | | |Variety of Medicinal Plants | | | |Endangered animals | | | |Why India has rich flora & Fauna? | | |Map | | | |Political Science- | | | |Make a dictionary of terms in political Science | | | |Topics of Assignment | | | |The women’s Reservation Bill in parl iament (with special reference to the present | | | |position of woman in 15th Lok Sabha | | | |Is Educational qualification required by candidates to contest elections? | | | |Political Competition in Elections | | | |Role of Election Commission in conducting free & fair elections. | | |Economics- | | | |Implementation of NREGA, 2005- An analysis | | | |Unemployment amongst the educated in India – an evaluation | | | |Poverty in India as seen by the social scientists( with reference to human poverty) | | | |History- | | | |Assignments (to be marked out of 5) from | | | |Nazism and the rise of Hitler | | | |Forest society and colonization | | | |Clothing – a social history | | | |Assignments will be in the form of text-based questions, questions where the students| | | |have to give their personal opinion, questions where they have to relate the past to | | | |the present. | | INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY |1. Monday Test |10 Marks | |2. | Practical Assessment |10 Marks | |3. |Project ( Presentation on Networking, Spreadsheet for Student’s Mark sheet) |10 Marks | |4. |CW/ HW Notebook |10 Marks | |5. |Discussion on Development in the field of Computers |10 Marks | | |Total = 50/ 5 |10 % | FRENCH FA 3 | |1. |Unit Test (Written) |30 Marks | |2. |Oral discussion on ways of spending their pocket money. (Individual activity) |3 Marks | |3. |Contrast the importance, usage and definition of pocket money in past and present. ( |4 Marks | | |Group activity) | | |4. |Maintenance and completion of books and class performance. 3 Marks | | |Activities From- | | | |Chapter – 6 La Rentree | | | |Chapter – 7 L’Argent de poche | | | |Total |40 Marks | | |FA 3 – 40/4 |10 | |FA 4 | |1. |Unit Test (Written) |30 Marks | |2. |Role play of a market scene( Day to day dialogues using conditional present & pronom |3 Marks | | |> | | |3. |Using French magazines, describe a picture or present an advertisement, using |4 Marks | | |res pective vocabulary | | |4. |To take a few examples (like books, clothes, shoes etc. and compare them on basis of|3 Marks | | |price, quality and brand value | | | |Activities from- | | | |Chapter 8 Les Loisirs et Les Sports | | | |Total |40 Marks | | |FA 4 – 40/4 |10 | LIBRARY |1. |Is he/she able to maintain library discipline & decorum |Most indicator skill | | | |is A+ | |2. Attitude towards teachers & classmates |Many indicators skill | | | |A | |3. |Takes the initiative to consult the facilities available for various activities like | | | |debate, recitation, and book clubs. | | |4. |Is able to explain why they enjoy a particular book. | | |5. |Is able to express ideas/opinions creatively in different forms. | | |6. |Is able to write a short summary on the recently read books. | | HINDI |Fa^mao-iTva prIxaa 3 | |1? Pairyaaojanaa kaya-  maaOiKk [email protected] â€â€sasvar kivata paz. |3 AMk | | |EavaNa xamata kiva hirvaMSaraya | | | |baccana raya kI | | | |kivata | | | |‘Aignapqa’.? laya? gait? Aaraoh–Avaraoh | | | |saiht? | | |2? Pairyaaojanaa kaya-  AaSauBaaYaNa  ‘Qama- kI AaD, maoM saampdaiyak |3 AMk | | |JagaD,o’` | | | |Paaz  ? haimad Ka Qama- kI | | | |AaD,? | | |3? |Pairyaaojanaa kaya-  kivata saMklana  ‘jaIvana saMGaYa- ka naama hO’ |4 AMk | | |saMbaMiQat caar kivayaaoM kI | | | |rcanaaAaoM ka pustkalaya | | | |sao saMklana. | |Fa^mao-iTva prIxaa 4 | |1? |Pairyaaojanaa kaya-  jaanakarI eki~t  kivata ‘KuSabaU |3 AMk | | |krnaa. rcato hOM haqa’ ko | | | |AaQaar pr laGau | | | |]dyaaogaaoM sao saMbaMiQat | | | |jaanakarI eki~t | | | |krnaa. aOsao Agarba%tI | | | |banaanaa? maaicasa banaanaa? papD, | | | |banaanaa Aaid. | | |2? |Pairyaaojanaa kaya-  paz – Sauk`taor ko samaana  Bart ko |3AMk | | |maanaica~ pr | | | |saMbaMiQat sqaana dSaa-naa. | | |3? |kxaa kaya-? gaRhkaya-? saamaUihk p ircacaa-? kxaa maoM yaaogadana. |4AMk | SANSKRIT Fa^mao-iTva prIxaa 3 | |1? |Paazyak`ma  kma-Naa yaait saMisaiwma– saMskRt ka AapsaI vaata-laap |3AMk | | |ivajayatama svadoSaA– isaKanaa. | | |2? |vyaakrNa  p~ laoKna? Sabd $p? Qaatu $p – vyaakrNa ka |3AMk | | |ica~ laoKna – ivastRt &ana | | | |saMvaad laoKna – jaa? canaa? ka^pI maoM?. | | |3? |ka^ipyaa ]%tr puistkae  kaya- ka pUra ivavarNa. 4AMk | | |kxaa kaya-? gaRh kaya-. | | | |vyaakrNa maoM ivaiBanna trIko jaOsao kxaa maoM baaoD- pr hI Sauw–ASauw krvaanaa? | | | |]ccaarNa ko maaQyama sao vyaakrNa jaa? canaa yaa Ca~aoM sao svayaM p`Sna pUCkr | | | |vyaakrNa kI jaanakarI laonaa. | | |Fa^mao-iTva prIxaa 4 | |1? |Paazyak`ma  kao|hM vadtu saamp`tma  mauhavaro banaanaa. |4AMk | | |na Qama-vaRwoYau vayaA samaIxyato.Aayau ko AaQaar pr | | | |baalakaoM ko &ana ka | | | |p`dSa-na kr ]nako | | | |ivaYaya maoM jaanakarI | | | |donaa. | | |2? |vyaakrNa â₠¬â€ ica~ laoKna?  ica~ eki~t kr vaNa-na. |4AMk | | |kqaa saMvaad laoKna. kao[- BaI kqaa inaima-t kr saMskRt | | | |maoM Anauvaad. | | |3? |AnauSaasana  p`%yaok kaya- ko samaya Ca~aoM ka vyavahar. AnauSaasana? |2AMk | | |BaaYaa ka p`yaaoga. | |
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Malaysian Studies Essay
CHAPTER 1 Early History of Malaysia 1. History has proven that Malaysia is not a new country. Humans have been living in several areas of the country since the Stone Age. a. Explain the early inhabitants that available in Malaysia and their characteristics. (8 marks) b. What are the element of similarity among Malay Archipalego (2 marks) 2. According to history, Malacca was founded by Parameswara in 1403 A.D. In the years that followed, Malacca grew into a great Empire in the Malay Archipelago. a. Discuss the Golden Age of Malacca. b. Explain the internal factors for the fall of the Malacca Empire 3. Malaysia subjected to other powers for about 446 years from 1511 till 1957. a. Explain all five colonists that had colonized Malaysia before this (5 marks) b. What is LESSONS that can be learnt from the fall of Malacca Empire? (5 marks) 4. Malaysia is classified as one of the Commonwealth countries because Malaysia was once a colonized land a. Explain the reasons for Portuguese took over Malacca. b. What happen to Malay Archipelago when British and Dutch agree to signed THE ANGLO DUTCH TREATY 1824? MALAYSIAN STUDIES 5. Japanese occupied Malaya for only three and a half years , from 15 February 1942 to 15 August 1945 a. Discuss the reasons WHY Japanese military can conquer Malaya easily? (6 marks) b. How Japanese army attack Malaya? 6. Emergency period closely related with the development and activities of Communist party of Malaya a. Discuss on the activities of Communist Party Of Malaya b. Explain any three strategies used by British in opposing MCP (6 marks) CHAPTER 2 The Struggle for Independence 7. On 1st April 1946, Malayan Union was officially announced after British Military administration was dissolve a. Describes any four of the FEATURES of the Malayan Union. b. Why the Malays opposed the Malayan Union? 8. Malayan union was setting up by British to govern Malaya. But, the union was opposed by Malayan. a. Explain any three FACTORS which led to the failure of the Malayan Union. b. How Malaya people show their opposition toward Malayan Union? MALAYSIAN STUDIES 9. Opposition again Malayan Union by Malays and other races make British come out with new idea. a. What are idea and MATTERS that being proposed by the committee for the new constitution? b. State the reasons for AMCJA and PUTERA opposed the new constitutions? 10. Political parties continued to grow in Malaya. Leaders and members of political parties focused their struggle on protecting the interests of the members and also on striving for the country’s independence. a. List and briefly explain on the political parties in ALLIANCE b. What are the two conditions that given by British to Malaya in getting their independency? Is it Malaya successfully fulfill the condition? Explain about it 11. Malaya successfully obtain the trust from British to get our own independency through election. a. Who are the team members that go to London in February 1956 to negotiate for Malaya’s independence? b. Explain the FIVE fundamental principles in the 1957 Malayan Constitution CHAPTER 3 Systems of Government and National Administrative Structure 12. The selection of Yang di-Pertuan Agong is based on procedures spelt out in the Third Schedule of the Constitution a. Give three factors that can affect and shortened the period as the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong. MALAYSIAN STUDIES b. When the turns come, he cannot be Yang Di-Pertuan Agong under several reasons. Give the reasons. 13. In order to become the Yang-Dipertuan Agong, the candidate’s are selected among the sultans. a. List and explain the criteria in order to become the Yang Di-pertuan Agong? 14. In order to become the Yang-Dipertuan Agong, the candidate’s are selected among the sultans. a. What are the POWERS of Yang Di-Pertuan Agong? b. Briefly explain any four roles for the Council of Rulers. (5 marks) 15. The Cabinet is headed by a Prime Minister with ministers appointed by the Yang diPertuan Agong on the advice of the Prime Minister a. Explain the ROLES of Cabinet. b. LIST the legislative power of Yang Di-Pertuan Agong. c. Differenciate between senate and house of representative 16. The Judiciary or the area of justice lies with the courts. a. List and explain three types of Courts in Malaysia. b. Explain on the freedom of court in making decision? MALAYSIAN STUDIES CHAPTER 4 National Integration 17. Integration among races are important in order to maintain the harmony and unity among citizen. a. Discuss the strategies that the government was and is using to create unity and national integration. b. Explain what changes that you think happen when Malaya became Malaysia 18. Malaysia is unique countries where it includes a few number of races and gratefully, each races are stay together harmony. a. Explain the problem of racial unity in the country prior to Independence. b. Give the three factors and reasons of the problems in unity and integration between races in Malaysia. CHAPTER 5 The Formation of Malaysia 19. The idea of the formation of Malaysia by Tunku Abdul Rahman brought forth all sorts of reactions. a. In your opinion, the formation of Malaysia was a good decision or bad decision? State your reasons? b. Briefly explain the reactions from Singapore, Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak. 20. The formation of Malaysia involved a gigantic change. But the dream became a reality and Malaysia as a new nation was born. a. Explain why some people from Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak opposed this idea? MALAYSIAN STUDIES b. Explain why Indonesia and Philippines opposed the formation of Malaysia? 21. The Sultan of Brunei suddenly lost interest for his country to join Malaysia and Brunei did not become a member of Malaysia. a. What are the factors that contributed to the withdrawal of Brunei from Malaysia. b. Why Singapore’s separate from Malaysia? CHAPTER 6 Democracy and General Election 22. The Federation of Malaysia practices a system of parliamentary democracy. a. Discuss the differentiation between Yang Dipertuan Agong and Sultan or Ruler of states in Malaysia (4 marks) b. Discuss the THREE bodies (divisions) that available in the systems. 23. The Judiciary or the area of justice lies with the courts. It is the third body or component in the practice of delegating authority. a. What is SPEAKER of the House of Representatives. Who are the current speaker for our country? b. explain three function of SPEAKER of the House of Representatives 24. Malaysia is a country that practices parliamentary democracy. In this form or system of government, the election and voting are the important political methods for the people to give the mandate to or determine the power for a certain party to form the government. MALAYSIAN STUDIES a. Gives five characteristics of Malaysia as a Parliamentary Democracy Country. b. Explain three main responsibilities of Election Commission 25. The Ruler/Sultan is the chief executive for the respective state that rule the state based on the ‘act and advice’ principle. a. Explain the POWER of Ruler or Sultan in their State. b. What are the title of the ruler of Johor, NEgeri Sembilan,Perlis and Sarawak 26. Malaysia is a country that practices parliamentary democracy. In this form or system of government, the election and voting are the important political methods for the people to give the mandate to or determine the power for a certain party to form the government. a. When are General Elections held? b. Explain what are the differences between the General Elections and By-Elections? 27. Democracy is a concept that is very meaningful to a country that respects the freedom of the individuals in determining the leadership of the country. a. Describes the types of ELECTION b. Discuss any three of election tools. CHAPTER 7 Malaysian Constitution MALAYSIAN STUDIES 28. Citizenship is a special status held by the people who have the right to be in a country. This status gives rights, benefits and certain facilities. a. What are the special rights that can be obtained by a Malaysian? b. In your opinion, what are the responsibilities that should be borne by a Malaysian citizen? CHAPTER 8 Development Plan and Vision 29. The Rukun Negara was officially proclaimed by Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 31 August 1971. The decision to formulate this national ideology was made a few months after the May 13 tragedy. a. What is Rukun Negara? Explain two objectives of Rukun Negara. b. LIST and briefly explain the principles of Rukun Negara. 30. The Sixth and Seventh Malaysia Plans are considered the gateway and the first 10 years of Vision 2020. a. Give and briefly explain FIVE of the Nine Challenges of Vision 2020. Page 8 of 8
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Life as a Death Row Inmate Essays
Life as a Death Row Inmate Essays Life as a Death Row Inmate Essay Life as a Death Row Inmate Essay English Literature 1 9/23/10 Illustration Since 1997, there have been over 1,200 inmates executed in The United States of America, and according to The Death Penalty Information center there are 3,225 inmates currently on death in The United states Of America. These inmates spend at least 5 to roughly 25 years in prison before they’re executed. Forcing inmates to live out the rest of their life segregated from the rest of the prison, in a 69 x 9. 5 feet high cell. Making this, and the rules of the institution they’re in their day to day life. Which most people would assume the day to day life of a death row inmate to be nothing, so what is the day to day life of an inmate on death row structured like. Each institution in the United States is run differently, but the procedures are basically the same. As an inmate in America according, to â€Å"The State of Florida Department of Corrections†, an inmates day starts early in the morning at 5 a. m. with breakfast. Isolated to your cells your meals are prepared by prison staff and brought to you in insulted carts. Prisoners are allowed to use plastic plates and sporks. This is how every meal is served to you day in and day out. Expect for your last meal before your death which can be no more than $40, and bought locally. It’s something most inmates on death row look forward to. With inmates mates being confined to their cells 24 hours a day expect for, medical reasons, media interviews, and social or legal visits. what could a human being possibly do inside that little cell for the rest of there life? Even when you do leave your room you are handcuffed at all times. Inside an inmates cell on death row you will find many things, but the most basic means of entertainment consist of a radio, a 13†inch TV, and paper as well as writing utensil. The inmates are not allowed cable and there cell is subject to the natural temperature of the earth with no type if air conditioning and minimal heat. Inmates are also allowed to receive mail everyday except for holidays and weekends. They are also allowed cigarettes and snacks of many kind to fulfill there natural pleasures. Inmates are also welcome to take a shower everyday as a way to get away from the few, but important resources they have in side there cells. Most death row inmates utilize this time in their cell with the resources that they have available in many different ways. Most inmates find them self eves reading and or writing books, as well as writing and receiving mail from family and friends. There are also some inmates who work out in their cells to keep in physical shape. While others watch, read, and live spirituality to prepare for what eternally awaits them which is death. Being that most inmates that have been jail for as long as most death row inmates have been, they usually become very creative in what they do with their time. So the resources that these inmates are allowed don’t restrict the endless creative they have to put their resources towards good use in their cell. This is, but not limited to the day to day life of a model inmate on death row in America. These inmates live out everyday of there life sometimes for extended periods of time depending on their situation. It’s very hard to believe that any human being could live like this, but 95% of all death row inmates adapt to this life style after the first nine years of their sentence. Living everyday as what they have been bread to think is normal waiting for there last day, which most inmates refer to as d-day. Everyday on death row in America is pretty much the same. Expect for one day, and that is the day that you are to be executed. On that day that you are to be executed you will be put in a holding cell to await execution until 12:00 o’ clock midnight; which by law no execution can take place before midnight. This is where you are feed the last three meals, as u a wait to be taken to the execution chamber. When you’re taken to the execution chamber you are strapped to a stretcher with your arms, and legs apart. You are than ask if you would like to say anything, to the victims family, the media, and the various others watching. After you are done, a team of experts administrate the drugs. Your plus is checked and than your pronounced dead. To no more be subject to living the day to day life of a death row inmate waiting for that day, â€Å"D-day†.
Monday, October 21, 2019
trepanation essays
trepanation essays Trepanation is the practice of making a hole in the skull. It is the oldest surgical procedure practiced by mankind (ITAG introduction). Archaeologists have found trepanned skulls dating back to 3000 B.C. Hippocrates, who is considered to be the father of medicine, wrote On Injuries of the Head endorsed trepanation for the treatment of head wounds in 400 B.C. (Bowen). Edward M. Margetts stated, The word trepanation comes from the Greek trypanon, meaning a borer, and dates back to classic times. The more recent term trephination affords a variant, and is derived from the French. Basically to trepan is to bore a hole in the skull. This hole is usually made by scraping, rasping, drilling, cutting, or sawing into the skull). Historically, many cultures practiced trepanation. In 1829, in Polynesia, a missionary by the name of William Ellis reported that trepanation was used to repair bony deficiencies in the skull by replacing the bone with a piece of coconut shell. This is not true trepanation because they did not make the hole or depression in the skull. In Tahiti, trepanation was performed using a sharks tooth. The tahunas, or priests performed this procedure. In North America, trepanation was common before the white man came. It has been recorded in Alaska, British Columbia, the United States, and Mexico. One missionary reported that a British Columbian Indian came up to him, carrying a brace and a bit, begging him to bore a hole in his skull to let out the evil spirits that were causing him headaches. There are also more than a dozen trepanned skulls from British Columbian sites. In England, up until about 1900, trepanation was a common surgical practice. It was performed to treat fractures of the skull, head injuries, various headaches, epilepsy and mental problems. Throughout Africa trepanation was commonplace procedure. In Libya, children at the age...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Janus Words
Janus Words Janus Words Janus Words By Maeve Maddox The Roman god Janus–the personification of a Latin word meaning â€Å"doorway†–was depicted as having two faces, each pointing in opposite directions. He was the god of doorways and gateways, beginnings and endings. The term â€Å"Janus words†is applied to words that can mean opposites. A common example is the verb cleave, which can mean either, â€Å"to stick together†or â€Å"to cut apart†: Gawain cleaves off the strangers head in one blow, but the stranger does not die. And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? –Matthew 19:5, KJV. Such words are variously known as auto-antonyms, antilogies, enantiodromes, and contranyms. Because of the long-established term antonym as the word for â€Å"a word that is the opposite or antithesis of another,†it seems that auto-antonym is the most practical choice. Here are three examples of auto-antonyms: Sanguine The adjective sanguine is from the Latin for â€Å"bloody.†It can be used in a literal sense: â€Å"The sanguine murders were the work of a serial killer.†In medieval philosophy, people were believed to be governed by the â€Å"four humours†: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.†These humors embodied certain characteristics: blood: courageous, hopeful, amorous yellow bile: easily angered, bad-tempered black bile: despondent, sleepless, irritable phlegm: calm, emotional Someone of a â€Å"sanguine temperament,†for example, is governed by a cheerful disposition. The auto-antonym sanguine can mean either â€Å"bloody, bloodthirsty,†or â€Å"cheerful, loving.†Sanction The verb sanction comes from a Latin noun, sanctionem, which meant something that was so important or sacred that it was required; the law even imposed a penalty for failure to perform it. Both good and bad notions, therefore, attached to the word. As an English verb, sanction can mean either, â€Å"to endorse or authorize,†or â€Å"to punish.†For example, Court will sanction Prenda lawyers if they don’t appear April 2 (i.e., will punish them) Illinois Becomes 20th State to Sanction Therapeutic Use of Cannabis (i.e., approve) Dust The verb dust originated with a Germanic noun that probably meant â€Å"that which rises or is blown in a cloud, like vapor, smoke, or dust. †In modern usage, the verb dust can mean either â€Å"to remove dust particles from a surface,†or â€Å"to sprinkle dust particles on a surface.†For example, I want you to dust the furniture before the guests arrive. (remove the dust) The last step is to dust the cake with powdered sugar. (apply a dusting of sugar) The use of auto-antonyms usually offers no difficulty to native speakers because the meaning is usually clear from their context. ESL speakers may have trouble with them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So†at the Beginning of a SentenceTime Words: Era, Epoch, and Eonâ€Å"Least,†â€Å"Less,†â€Å"More,†and â€Å"Mostâ€
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)