Pros and Con of industrial revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros and Con of industrial revolution - Essay Example The gains of the revolution outweigh the losses incurred because it elevated human capacity to new heights that had never been witnessed before in history. The revolution led to advances in the agriculture sector. The economy in the 18th and 19th century was based solely on agriculture (More 85). The revolution brought in new ideas that created shifts to the economy to make it more flexible and ensure the flow of wealth across all sectors. Industrial based economy spread the wealth evenly thus guaranteeing job security and specialization of professions. The industry also relied on skills developed over time regarding the performance of the jobs related to it. Many people were able to gain employment since the occupation did not require any extra knowledge to conduct the required job. Industrial revolution led to the enhancement of resource allocation and its use. The revolution became feasible due to the diminishing resources while the population was still growing at a fast pace. The revolution invented ways to ensure that resources such as food, water, basic facilities were allocated effectively. Improved agricultural methods such as water irrigation techniques and water harvesting are some examples used to enhance resource allocation. Prior to the revolution, unemployment was not an issue affecting the countries’ economies. However, unemployment became worse after the industrial revolution. Most people were replaced in their capacities to perform certain duties with the introduction of machines. This meant that they had difficulties in providing for their families thus degrading their life standards even further. They became vulnerable to contacting diseases. Subsequently the lack of employment led to an increase in crime and the emergence of shanties since people were unwilling to relocate back to villages. Citizens’ migration from the rural to urban areas in search of jobs led to a deficit in knowledge gaps (Hopkins

The Lottery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Lottery - Essay Example I cant help but wonder about how primitive these townspeople were during the 1940s to think that sacrificing a member of the town to the â€Å"Rain Gods† will help them with their farming problems. I am further disturbed by the murderous instinct that seems to proliferate within the townspeople. There is no sense in the lottery that they perform every year. Unless they only do it to keep the population of their town down to a manageable level. It would seem to me that everyone in the town is resigned to their fate of eventually winning the lottery to lose their lives. There is nothing magnanimous about this forced personal sacrifice. As Tessie Hutchinson put it before the first stone hit her on the head, â€Å"Its not fair!† I found it truly disturbing to read a story that considers murdering a town member to be a yearly ritual and way of life for everyone involved. That is why the date itself, June 27, is just a normal day for everyone involved but brings panic to whomever gets the black dot during the lottery draw. In the case of Mrs. Hutchinson, that was one day in particular when she should have just stayed in bed. Although Mrs. Hutchinson thought of the lottery as a regular part of life, she never truly imagined that she would ever become an unwilling participant in the ritual. Hence her distraught screams when her family was drawn and she ended up receiving the black dot. The fact that the towns people considered the act of murder that they were just about to accomplish as something normal in their lives begs one to wonder if these people had a conscience at all. The Lottery in all is not a short story for the faint of heart. It is a heart wrenching story that has strong elements of suspense. Almost like a modern slasher flick. Mrs. Hutchinson never saw her demise coming. Her death is truly senseless because the townspeople did not even have a solid idea as to why they had to kill

Customer Service Satisfaction at the University of London Library Essay - 1

Customer Service Satisfaction at the University of London Library - Essay Example According to Quinn (2007) in recent times the educational community, generally and the library profession in particular have placed increasing emphasis on the service quality model. This model has customer satisfaction as its primary objective as traditional measures of academic library quality such as collection size becomes secondary. In assessing service quality the customer compares expectations about the service offered to actual experience with the service. Gap analysis is a tool that is used to identify the differences (gap) between what is expected and what is experienced. According to Berkowitz et al (1997, p.353) this type of analysis requires consumers to assess their expectations and experiences on dimensions of service quality as described in the table that follows. In the context of service quality and customer satisfaction, of importance, is the need to look at the service that the library provides in order to see how it can fulfil expectations. The role of the library is to provide resource materials for its customers. But, who exactly are these customers? They are students, administrators, faculty members and the general public. In terms of reliability the library must be able to provide the student with a book, journal or other resource material which will enable the completion of a required task. While the librarian is expected to provide the service in a timely manner, there is the need for the student to exercise some skills in how to access required materials to carry out his or her role. The librarian however, is available to provide some guidance but the student independence is of extreme importance in the development of worthwhile skills which will be required in the future.

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

ART - Essay Example The colorful background appears distant; a calm river is running through the background, attracting fowls thereof. The shadowed area under the tree contrasts with the soothing light in far wide open landscape; and the sunlight is blazing to highlight the tawny complexion and masculine contours of the Indian. Ground under the feet of hunter is filled with dried fallen leaves and fertile soil is mostly covered, thus giving a rough texture of the ground of a thick rainforest. This picture executes a coarse texture for trees, grasses and bushes, and the only well outlined object is the man; smooth lines carve his flesh with great details and visible parts of his body have a suave texture. This picture maintains effective organization of the subject matter (the Indian man) with the formal elements such as trees, river and the ground. This organization is achieved by similarity in color scheme of all objects present in the picture, but contrasting the background, from the man and the yellow tree through shades, spatial relation and texture. Just as the man is the center figure of the scenery; he is painted with details in form (such as prominent lines of his body, his apparel`s color and fashion) and he is also highlighted by his fierce skin tone enhanced by beaming sunlight. However the various shades of golden used in skin color, trees and rocks are giving an overall flamboyant demeanor, golden color use stands in union for most objects of the picture, except for blue sky and the river. The red and green rags on body of the Indian man are contrasting with whole picture`s color theme,

Gubernatorial Campainge Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gubernatorial Campainge - Research Paper Example She is also a responsible editor for J.R.R. Tolkien list of George Allen and Unwin Publishers apart from effectively commissioning both John Howe and Allan Lee to illustrate Tolkien’s work. Her hard work and dedication are evidenced by her role as a publishing director for House working across the Voyager fantasy science fiction list and crime. Jane as a dedicated leader is firmly advocating for the goodwill of Texas. Her ambitions are highly regarded as she looks forward to fully support both cultural and regional values of the citizens to see them prosper. Being a republican she advocates continuing disfranchising most blacks, poor whites and Latinos, especially the burden of the poll tax and white primaries as confederated by other states. This will lead to higher living standards, especially among the Hispanics and Latino population. Jane being a republican will be able to get most of her supporters in Texas away from the east, west coast, south and Midwest. Most of this population is from the suburban communities and rural areas. This includes 60% of married men and 55% of married women. It includes a lesser population practicing gay and lesbianism. On the contrary to this, the democrats live closer to the coast, including 40 % of married men and 45% of married women. Most of its population practice gay and lesbianism, hence they are less religious and younger in age (Texascentre, 2014). In terms of location, the Republican supporters that Jane is counting on are mostly found in the south and the Midwest Texas consisting of a larger population in rural and suburban areas while the democrats are found east and west coasts and in the urban centers. In terms of marriage status, 24% of women will support Jane while 37% will be against her. She, therefore, has a lesser number of votes from women in the population (Quickfacts 2014). In terms of income, a larger population those with higher

Its features and importance Essay Example for Free

Its features and importance Essay Picture Gear Studio, DVgate Plus, Sonic Stage Other Giga Pocket PVR hardware and software with TV tuner card with remote control Support Policy One-year parts and labor warranty; 24-hour weekday toll-free support during warranty period. $19. 95 fee for phone support after 1-year warranty. Where is it available? What is its price? The SONY RS530G is available at any high end computer shop and also in the internet. Ordering this Desktop PC through the internet at eBay. com or PCExpress. com would come out cheaper than buying it here in the Philippines. Its price is $ 1850. 00 which leaves me with a total of $150. 00. The excess money I could use for extra accessories for the computer like other softwares may it be for leisure or education. III. Systems Ruled Out Obviously Workstations, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Mainframes, Mini-Computers and Super Computers were out of the question while choosing my preferred computer system. I dont need a very powerful PC that is used for Computer Aided Design (CAD) nor Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). I dont need a computer that would serve up to 70 users because most probably the maximum users that will be using my computer would be 3. Definitely minicomputers are out of my list for one thing theyre phased out. I dont need a computer that would serve hundred of users at a time; Im only a student and not a business so mainframes are crossed out of my list too. Besides mainframes are too complicated to handle as it is. Super computers on the other hand are used by businesses for task demanding extreme computing power especially in establishments for science like meteorology and finding out more on enzymes. PDAs are too small plus its not practical for a student like me to buy a PDA just to set my schedule straight in school and take notes. I need a computer that would aid me in my studies just like a Micro computer. Micro computers hold floppy disk drives and CD-ROM drive or even a DVD drive that would help me in storing data need for my classes, reports and papers. Its the most practical thing to get as of now because if I think of leaving within three years for the UK technology improves quickly and by then if ever I buy a laptop it would be phased out and it would be harder to up grade not like a desktop pc. IV. Conclusion I therefore conclude that at this time, as a student, it would be more practical for me to buy a Desktop PC that would help me in school work and at the same time entertain me for my free time. Laptops are doubled the price of a Desktop PC and is harder to upgrade unlike a Desktop PC. Usually Laptops are used by professionals who are on the go and need computers most of the time to make use of their time. References   Charles S Parker, Understanding Computers: Today Tomorrow: 200 edition, Harcourt College Publishers www. villman. com   www. Amazon. com   www. eBay. com Note from taken from class   and gathered data from different stores :   PC Express   Stores in Greenhills Shopping Mall   Stores in Cybermall.

Cognitive Network Security

Cognitive Network Security Introduction: The rapid development of various communication and wireless technologies had led to ultimate spectrum insufficiency. This may cause a great spectrum extinction thereby not allowing new wireless services to be installed. To overcome this great spectrum disaster and to optimally use the underutilized bands, a new technology so called cognitiveradio evolved. This technology scampers the software programs thereby helps cognitive user to look for spectrum holes, pick the best among them, work jointly in coordination with other users and do not disturb the owner of spectrum on arrival[1].The members do stay connected in an ad-hoc manner and there is no guaranteed network architecture. This makes the privacy issues more intricate than in conventional wireless devices. [2]. The medium of transport is free air, any adulteration of data can be done without much being noticed by the sufferer and at the worst case, the data signals are even jammed. Establishing security in these networks is a ri sky task because of its inimitable quality. [4] The innate temperament of it has made it an open play ground for attackers. There are four layers in a cognitive network out of which Physical layer is the lowermost layer and various attacks are feasible here .The main focus is on attacks in these layers since it is the common layer and has same compatibility with all other devices. The rapid development of technology has led to a new attack so called Primary User Emulation Attack wherein the imitation of spiteful user as a primary transmitter occurs to deceive the secondary users and gain access over the white space. Better functioning of the Cognitive network is affected to a great extent if this Primary User Emulation Attack is severe.[3]Earlier methods and the most primitive are cyclostationary and the energy detection ones [11]. The first technique is based on the fact that the signals from primary users are periodic and do have regular cyclostationarity property. The second method involves comparison of energy level of the signal with a preset threshold. [10].These methods are already bypassed owing to the rapid growth of technology. It can be done either by impersonating the primary transmitted signal or high power signal to confuse the energy detector [9]. Thus to avoid the problem of PUEA, we need a trustable method to verify the arrival of primary user .One such method is verification of licensed user by means of biased reaction signalling[6]. The other technique involves LocDef , where we use localization technique by non interactive technique [7]. We can also use Public encryption systems thereby ensuring the trustworthy communication[5]. Primary user has a closely placed helper node which plays the role of a bridge thereby enabling of the verification of the primary user’s signals using cryptographic signatures and authentic link signatures.[8].There are hand off techniques meant for secret communication of sharing session keys between the client and the router [12]. We do add the tag for authentication in a transparent way so as no to interfere with the primary receiver but still maintain authenticity with the cognitive user. We can add this tag in parity bits of the codeword or in the modulation scheme .[13].But to make this signature embedding accurate, error control codes like convolutional codes, turbo codes or alamauti codes can be used. .A convolutional encoder is a linear predetermined-state device with n algebraic function generators and K stage shift register. The binary input data, is shifted as b bits at a time along the registers. Decoding can be done by either sequential decoding, maximum likelihood or feedback decoding[15]. In case of turbo codes, two RSC elementary codes are in a parallel organization. Maximum A Posteriori algorithm is used for decoding it in iterative process[16].In a highly noisy environments single error control codes do not have high coding gain. In order to improve this concatenated codes are preferred.[14] H ence to cope up with the FCC regulations, we proposed a method in which the authentication tag is embedded onto the data signal by the helper node after encoding and the comparative study of which concatenated codes serve the best to reduce the bit error rate has been discussed. II. PROPOSED METHOD: 2.1)HASH ALGORITHM: Procedure: Message is Padded in such a way that the length of message matches to 896 modulo 1024 . In certain cases ,the length may match yet the padding becomes additional. We do add a binary bit 1 followed by binary 0s to make the desired length. Depending upon the actual message size, we may have n number of bits padded where n=1 to 1024.We do assume that the message after padding is an unsigned integer of 128 bits and output of earlier two steps is a 1024 bit integer in order to calculate the length of message. Eight registers each of capacity to hold 64 bits (p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w) are needed to grasp the 512 bit results momentarily .This 512 bit output is carried over as an input to the consecutive stages. For the first stage, the previously stored transitional hash output is taken. On processing the padded message of 1024 bits, we get 64 bit as input per round. So to maintain the security and avoid repetitions, we do use a constant to point to the round number out of 80.After completion of 80 rounds, the final stage result is fed back to the first block until the message gets over. Thus we need (Oi-1) to produce Oi where I is the stage number. 2.2)METHOD OF EMBEDDING: We assume that the primary transmitter and the helper node share almost the same geological location and the helper node has a secret communication with the secondary users there. The primary transmitter on arrival generally transmits a data signal to its intended primary receiver. Since the primary transmitter has the highest priority and in no way it should be interfered we use the helper node to embed this security tag. The primary transmitter encodes the data sequence, modulates and transmits the signal. The data sequence after encoding is modulated and being transmitted by the primary transmitter. The helper node here repeats the signal and the hashed output is being embedded by it .Here the embedding is done in such a way that the tag to data ratio is comparatively low. Encode the data sequence to form N code words and each codeword contains p bits. We get an authentication tag by splitting the hash function output obtained earlier into p bit blocks. The tag thus obtained is su bstituted in the place of first p bits of the total N code words obtained. We do obey the regulations as per FCC since this tag embedding task is solely performed by the helper node. At the receiver end the authentication tag is retrieved and checked for authenticity. This tag verification is being done by the Cognitive Radio user upon reception since we did assume that the key for hash had been exchanged privately earlier. If verification is successful, the task is suspended and secondary user looks for any new white space. BLOCK DIAGRAM: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: BER VALUES FOR CONVOLUTIONAL CODES: BER VALUES FOR TURBO CONVOLUTIONAL CODES: BER VALUES FOR CONVOLUTIONAL-ALAMOUTI CODES: BER VALUES FOR TURBO-ALAMOUTI CODES: REFERENCES: O. Leà ³n ,Hernà ¡ndez-Serrano, J.,Soriano, M.,. Securingcognitiveradionetworks, International Journal of Communication Systems,23: 633-652. May 2010 Parvin, S.,Han, S.,Tian, B.,Hussain, F.K, Trust-based authentication for secure communication inCognitiveRadioNetworks,International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, Hong Kong; China;,pp. 589-596. December 2010. Zhang, C.,Yu, R.,Zhang, Y., Performance analysis of Primary User Emulation Attack inCognitiveRadionetworks,International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference,pp.371-376. August 2012. Parvin, S.,Hussain, F.K.,Hussain, O.K.,Han, S.,Tian, B.,Chang, E., Cognitiveradionetworksecurity: A survey ,Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 35: 1691-1708. November 2012. Parvin, S.,Hussain, F.K.,Hussain, O.K, Digital signature-basedauthenticationframework incognitiveradionetworks, International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia,pp.136-142. December 2012. Kumar, V.,Park, J.M.,Kim, J.,Aziz, A., Physical layerauthenticationusing controlled inter symbol interference, International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,pp. 286. October 2012. Ruiliang Chen, Jung-Min Park, and Jeffrey H. Reed,Defense against Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks,IEEE transactions on Selected areas in communication,26:25-37. January 2008. Tingting Jiang., Huacheng Zeng., Qiben Yan., Wenjing Lou.,Thomas Hou,Y, On the Limitation of Embedding Cryptographic Signature for Primary Transmitter Authentication, IEEE transactions on Wireless communication letters,1:324-327. August 2012. Chen,R.,Park,J.,Reed,J.H, Defense against primary user emulation attacks in cognitive radio networks, IEEE transactions on Selected Areas in Communications, 26:25–37. 2008. Liu,Y.,Ning,P., Dai,H, Authenticating primary users’ signals in cognitive radio networks via integrated cryptographic radio networks via integrated cryptographic and wireless link signatures,IEEE Symp. on Security and Privacy, pp. 286–301. 2010. Kim,H.,Shin,K.G, In-band spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: energy detection or feature detection? ,ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp.14-25. 2008. He, Y.,Xu, L.,Wu, W., A local joint fast handoff scheme incognitivewireless mesh networks , IEEE transactions on Security and Communication Networks, 7:455-465. February 2014. Xi Tan., Kapil Borle., Wenliang Du., Biao Chen, Cryptographic Link Signatures for Spectrum Usage Authentication in Cognitive Radio, ACM conference on Wireless network security,pp.79-90.2011. Avila, J.,Thenmozhi, K, DWT highlighted concatenated multi band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM)-upgraded enactment, International Journal of Engineering and Technology,5:2155-2162. June 2013. Andrew J. Viterbi, Convolutional Codes and ’Their Performance in Communication Systems , IEEE transactions on Communication Technology,19:751-772. October 1971. Claude Berrou., Alain Glavieux ,Near optimum error correcting coding and decoding-turbo codes,IEEE Transactions on communications,44:1261-1271. October 1996 Wang,X.,Wu,Y.,Caron,B, Transmitter identification using embedded pseudo random sequences, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting,3:244-252. September 2004. Danev,B.,Luecken,H.,Capkun,Z.,Defrawy,K.E,Attacks on physical-layer identification,ACM Conference on Wireless Network Security,pp.89-97. 2010. Proakis,J.G., Salehi,M, Digital Communications.New York, McGraw-Hill, pp. 192, 434, 472-474. 2007. Chen,Z.,Cooklev,T.,Chen,C., Pomalaza-R ´aez,C, Modeling Primary User Emulation Attacks and Defences in Cognitive Radio Networks, International Performance Computing and Communications Conference,pp.208-215. 2009.